Stephan van Vuren

Stephan van Vuren

The Growing Importance of Fleet Management in Drone Operations

The different types of fleet management AirHub offers in their platform

As the use of drones expands across various sectors, the complexity of managing these fleets has grown significantly. Public safety organisations, critical infrastructure managers, and even security companies are beginning to resemble airlines in the way they must oversee and coordinate their operations.

With hundreds or even thousands of drones, batteries, and personnel spread across multiple states or regions, the challenge of managing these resources effectively can be daunting. This is where the concept of fleet management in the drone industry becomes crucial, and where a platform like AirHub can make a significant impact.


Fleet management: The new norm for drone operations

In industries such as public safety, critical infrastructure management, and security, the scale of drone operations has grown to the point where traditional methods of management are no longer sufficient. These organizations are not just operating a few drones—they're managing entire fleets, complete with docking stations, batteries, payloads, and the personnel who operate them. This complexity requires a sophisticated approach to fleet management, one that ensures efficiency, standardization, accountability, and above all, safety.

At AirHub, we work with organizations that manage hundreds of drones, pilots, and other assets, helping them to streamline operations and maintain the highest standards of safety and compliance.


Managing drones and equipment at scale

For large organizations, having a detailed overview of their drone fleet is essential. Managers need to know at a glance the status of each drone, including its company or legal registration, brand, model, and airworthiness. This is especially critical in public safety operations, such as law enforcement and fire fighting, where the reliability of equipment can be a matter of life and death.

On an individual drone level, it’s important to have access to detailed information such as firmware and software versions, associated documents like user manuals and insurance certificates, and usage statistics including total flight time, average flight times, number of flights, and flight locations. Maintenance management is another critical aspect, knowing when maintenance actions are upcoming or due, and how many hours, flights, or days remain until the next required maintenance, helps prevent equipment failure and ensures continuous operation.

Similar principles apply to managing batteries, docking stations, and other equipment like payloads and chargers. For batteries, fleet managers need to track the battery ID, brand, model, and health status. On a more granular level, detailed information such as firmware versions, associated documents, and usage statistics like the number of charge cycles, total flight time, and battery health is crucial for maintaining operational efficiency. With large fleets, the ability to filter this information by status, manufacturer, and model is invaluable.


Centralising and managing essential documents

In any large organisation, having a central repository for all operational documents is key to maintaining consistency and compliance. For drone operations, this includes operations manuals, safety management (SMS) manuals, operational authorisations, waivers, certificates, and insurance documents. By centralising these documents, everyone in the organisation, from pilots and observers to flight operations managers and technical managers, can access the information they need when they need it. This not only saves time but also ensures that all operations are conducted according to the latest standards and procedures.

On a personal level, operators can store their individual documents, such as certificates and licenses, ensuring that they remain compliant with regulatory requirements and are prepared for audits or (internal) inspections.


Overseeing personnel and their proficiency

In addition to managing equipment, fleet management in the drone industry also involves overseeing the personnel who operate these drones. For large organisations, this means keeping track of pilots, observers, payload operators, and managers across various teams or sub-organisations.

A comprehensive personnel management system provides an overview of each individual’s compliance with training requirements, minimum flight hours, and other critical metrics. On an individual level, managers can access detailed information, including personal contact information, roles, training status, proficiency levels, and flight statistics such as the number of flights, flight hours, and types of flights completed (e.g., VLOS, EVLOS, BVLOS). Having an overview of where these flights took place, for instance through a heat map, helps managers understand the experience and expertise of their operators.

This level of detail is essential for ensuring that all personnel are qualified and current, which directly impacts the safety and effectiveness of operations. Moreover, by streamlining the management of personnel and their qualifications, organisations can reduce the administrative burden on managers, allowing them to focus on strategic decision-making.


The AirHub advantage: Streamlining fleet management

AirHub’s Drone Operations Platform is designed to address these challenges head-on, providing a comprehensive solution for managing all aspects of a drone fleet. By integrating the management of drones, batteries, equipment, documents, and personnel into a single platform, AirHub not only increases efficiency but also improves standardisation and accountability.

For organisations that are starting to look like airlines in terms of their operational complexity, this level of fleet management is not just beneficial, it’s essential. Whether it’s a national fire department managing hundreds of drones, a utility company overseeing a large number of docking stations, or a border patrol organisation ensuring that all operators are current and compliant, AirHub provides the tools needed to manage these resources effectively.

In conclusion, as drone operations continue to scale, the importance of fleet management will only grow. Organisations in public safety, critical infrastructure, and security must adopt sophisticated management practices to ensure their operations remain safe, efficient, and compliant. AirHub’s platform is uniquely positioned to support these needs, providing a comprehensive solution that streamlines the management of assets, documents, and personnel across even the most complex operations.

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Specific Operations Risk Assessment for Drone Operators

What is a SORA risk analyses and how can it help you in setting up an Operating Manual for your drone operation in the Specific Category?

The Specific Operations Risk Assessment (#SORA) was developed by JARUS (the Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems) to provide drone operators a methodology for the risk assessment required to apply for an authorization to operate an Unmanned Aircraft System (#UAS) within the specific category.

The SORA proposes risk barriers to prevent the operation from going out of control and provides harm barriers in case the operation does get out of control (e.g. an emergency response plan). The SORA process starts with defining an operational volume by the operator in which the drone operation takes place. This operational volume is related to airspace adjacent to it and the surrounding area on the ground. The SORA includes both a Ground Risk Model and an Air Risk Model to determine risks to the surrounding area and the adjacent airspace, and to propose mitigating measures that can decrease those risks.

The SORA provides drone operators with the risk assessment methodology required to support the application for an authorization of a drone operation in the Specific Category.

In this article we will tell you more about the methodology behind the SORA and how this can help you set up an Operating Manual for your drone operation.


The Concept of Operations (ConOps)

The first step in the SORA process is describing the Concept of Operations (#ConOps) for the drone operation that you want to carry out. This ConOps requires you to collect and provide sufficient technical, operational and human information related to the intended use of the UAS. The ConOps should not only be a description of your operation but also provide insight into the operational safety culture at the organisation.

Basically you will need to describe the who's, what's and where's of the operation that you intend to carry out. For this you will need information about the drone and supporting equipment that will be used, you will need to know who will pilot the drone (and what his/her qualifications are), how the organisation will make sure that the operation is conducted safely and where the operation will take place (e.g. the airspace classification and the area that will be overflown).


Determining the Ground Risk Class (GRC)

The UAS ground risk relates to the unmitigated risk of a person being struck by the drone (in case of loss of control) and is represented in the SORA by eleven Ground Risk Classes (#GRC). The initial GRC is derived only from the dimensions and kinetic energy of the drone, the type of operation (#VLOS or #BVLOS) and the operational scenario (operations over an unpopulated or populated area, if the area is controlled or if the area includes a gathering of people).

The unmitigated risk of a person being struck by the UAS can be controlled and reduced by means of mitigations. This can, for example, be done by having an effective Emergency Response Plan (#ERP) in place. It is also possible to reduce the GRC by the limiting the effect of the ground impact of the drone by installing an emergency parachute. A third option is to have effective technical containments in place (e.g. active geofencing).

Each risk mitigation (or lack off) provides the you with a factor (+1 to -4) that can be added to the initial GRC to determine the final Ground Risk Class. When the final GRC is determined, the next step is to look at the air risks for the operation.


Determining the Air Risk Class (ARC)

The Air Risk Class (#ARC) is a generalised qualitative classification of the rate at which a drone would encounter a manned aircraft in a typical civil airspace. It provides an initial indication of the collision risk for the airspace, before mitigations are applied. The ARC can found by answering questions in the SORA flow chart about the altitude of the operation, if the operation is in controlled or uncontrolled airspace, if the operation takes place near an airport and if urban or rural areas are overflown.

The flow chart will tell the you what the initial ARC (A - D) is for the intended operation. However, the ARC is a generalised classification, so you - the operator could - consider that the qualification is too high for the conditions within the intended operational volume. If this is the case you can apply strategic and tactical mitigations to lower the ARC.

Strategic mitigation generally consists of procedures and operational restrictions aimed at mitigating risk by reducing the drones encounter rate, or time of exposure, prior to take-off. Strategic mitigations are divided between mitigation which can be controlled by the operator (strategic mitigation by operational restrictions) and those which cannot (strategic mitigation by structures and rules).

Tactical mitigation generally consists of mitigations that are applied after takeoff and take the form of a “mitigating feedback loop.” A mitigating feedback loop is a dynamic system employed to reduce the rate of collision by continuously modifying the geometry and dynamics of aircraft in conflict in an airspace, based on updated aircraft conflict information such as air traffic control (#ATC) traffic alert and collision avoidance system (#TCAS), unmanned traffic management (#UTM and See and Avoid (VLOS).

The Air Risk Class can be reduced by applying strategic and tactical mitigations.

After applying the strategic and tactical mitigations, the final ARC can be determined. Based on the final ARC objectives can be formed to prevent an infringement of the adjacent airspace next to the operational volume. The finial ARC in combination with the final GRC will also determine the Specific Assurance and Integrity Levels based on which Operational Safety Objectives are formed.


What are SAIL and OSO?

Specific Assurance and Integrity Levels (#SAIL) is the chosen parameter in the SORA methodology to consolidate the ground and air risk analysis. The level of confidence represented by the SAIL is not quantitative but instead corresponds to objectives that need to be complied with, descriptions of the activities that might support the compliance with those objectives and evidence to indicate the objectives have been satisfied.

Based on the SAIL (levels I - VI) Operational Safety Objectives (#OSO) are determined for barriers and mitigations to different threats, such as a technical issue with the UAS, a deterioration of external supporting systems, human error and adverse operating conditions. These OSO's basically describe the requirements for the operators organization, the drone and the pilot.

For the pilot requirements will be set on the knowledge and skill-levels he has to possess. These can be obtained by taking the right theoretical and practical drone training. Having the right drone and equipment is crucial for conducting a safe operation, the OSO also describe the requirements for the technical assessment of the drone, equipment and service. The organisation itself needs a SORA compliant Operating Manual to have the right procedures in place to safely and efficiently perform its drone operations.


Writing a SORA compliant Operating Manual

A professional Operating Manual is essential in setting up a safe and efficient drone operation. At AirHub we have written Operating Manuals for many different organisations in various industries. And although every organisation and drone operation is different, we have identified a number of need-to-haves for a SORA compliant Operating Manual.

A professional Operating Manual is essential to setting up a safe and efficient drone operation.

The first requirement is to make sure that your manual is properly structured to clearly distinguish general information from your operating procedures and other sections. At AirHub we use a format derived from traditional aviation manuals for this. It is also important to clearly describe the organisation behind your flight operation and the assigned responsibilities. A third requirement is to provide enough technical information about the drones, equipment and services used for your operation and maintenance requirements that apply to it.

The core of you operating manual will be the procedures that have to be applied by your personnel. It is very important to develop clear and easy to use standard operating procedures (#SOPs) for all actions from flight planning to post flight data processing. You will have to make sure that all mitigating measures stemming from your SORA analyses are incorporated in your normal, abnormal and emergency procedures.

The last requirement is to provide your personnel with all documentation needed to perform a mission. Make sure they have easy acces to all checklists, forms, etc. A professional Drone Operations Management System will save you lots of time and money with this.


How AirHub can help

At AirHub we have guided many organisations across various industries with setting up a safe, efficient and compliant drone operation. Contact us to take advantage of the experience and expertise of our consultants. They will guide you in applying the SORA risk analyses methodology and in setting up an operating manual specific to your operation. And with our AirHub Drone Operations Management platform you will be able to gain a comprehensive insight into your drone operation.

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DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise - Drone Starter Package

Save time and money by getting the right drones, tools, software and more with our Drone Starter Packages specifically composed for your type of operation.

Setting up a professional drone program at your company is no easy task. What is the right drone for the job? Which #software do we use to process the data? How do we stay compliant with national and local regulations? We will help you answer these questions and get an instant return on investment on your drone program.


The DJI Mavic 2 Enterprise

Whether you want to perform search and rescue missions, fight fires or inspect industrial assets such as bridges power lines or cell towers, the DJI #Mavic 2 Enterprise is the perfect companion for almost any mission. The standard version of the Mavic 2 Enterprise comes with a powerful 12MP camera with 2x optical and 3x digital zoom that is great for close up inspection purposes. The Mavic 2 Dual is equipped with an optical and FLIR thermal camera that can be used for both visual and thermal inspections. Both aircraft can also be fitted with optional accessoires such as a spotlight, a speaker and a beacon. The Mavic 2 Enterprise series aircraft are equipped with advanced safety features such as ten sensors that prevent a collision with objects and comprehensive data encryption.

At AirHub we will provide you with the version of the Mavic 2 Enterprise that exactly suits your needs and deliver it with a professional tablet including our Drone Operations Management software. We will also make sure you have all the additional accessoires and equipment you need to perform consistent, low risk operations. And all our M2E drones come with a 12 moth replacement warranty and the possibility to enjoy our maintenance service, so you will never have to worry about operational availability.

Choosing the right drone is essential for the succes of your operation.


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By using the right processing software, you can turn the #data you have captured into actual value. It does not matter if you are in #agriculture, #construction or #inspection. We will provide you with the third-party software needed to create #3D models, high resolution maps, #NDVI analyses and more. And with the AirHub Drone Operations Management Software you will be able to safely and easily get airspace intelligence, plan and track your flights with #UTM connectivity and manage your fleet, teams and maintenance.

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How AirHub can help

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The DJI Phantom 4 RTK

If you want to perform highly accurate mapping mission, the DJI #Phantom 4 RTK is the tool you need. The #RTK module - in combination with the optional D-RTK GNSS Mobile Station - provides real-time, centimeter-level positioning data for improved absolute accuracy on image metadata while requiring fewer ground control points. A redundant GNSS module is installed to maintain flight stability in signal-poor regions such as dense cities. Combining both modules, the Phantom 4 RTK is able to optimize flight safety while ensuring that the most precise data is captured for complex surveying, mapping and inspection workflows.

The OcuSync Transmission System provides stable and reliable HD image and video transmission at distances of up to 7 km, great for mapping larger sites. The new TimeSync system continually aligns the flight controller, camera and RTK module and hereby ensures that each photo uses the most accurate metadata and fixes the positioning data to the center of the 20 megapixel CMOS camera sensor – optimising the results from photogrammetric methods and letting the image achieve centimeter-level positioning data.

At AirHub we can provide you with a ready to fly Phantom 4 RTK and optional D-RTK GNSS Mobile Station and deliver it with a professional tablet including our Drone Operations Management software. We will also make sure you have all the additional accessoires and equipment you need to perform consistent, low risk operations. And all our M2E drones come with a 12 moth replacement warranty and the possibility to enjoy our maintenance service, so you will never have to worry about operational availability.

Choosing the right drone is essential for the succes of your operation.


Software that matches the hardware

By using the right processing software, you can turn the #data you have captured into actual value. It does not matter if you are in #agriculture, #construction or #inspection. We will provide you with the third-party software needed to create #3D models, high resolution maps, #NDVI analyses and more. And with the AirHub Drone Operations Management Software you will be able to safely and easily get airspace intelligence, plan and track your flights with #UTM connectivity and manage your fleet, teams and maintenance.

Use AirHub to fly safe and stay compliant with national regulations.


Get trained and get certified

Buying the right drones and software is just the beginning. In order to create a safe, efficient and compliant drone operation you want to provide your crews with comprehensive ground and flight training on your standard operating procedures (#SOPs) and flight scenarios. AirHub will guide you in this with setting up an Operations Manual and by assisting you with the application for the necessary #waivers and #certificates for your operation. Once your operation is up and running we will also be there to support you if any questions arise. As an operations manager you can use the AirHub Drone Operations Management platform to schedule maintenance, check the currency of your crew, provide them with the necessary documentation and much more.


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